More screen time for preschoolers linked to lower brain development, study says

CINCINNATI - A study published Monday found an association between increased screen time in preschoolers and lower brain development. 

The study, published in JAMA Pediatrics, looked at 47 children from ages 3 to 5 years old. Participants were recruited at a U.S. children’s hospital and community primary care clinics. 

“Unprecedented technological upheaval over the past few decades has largely outpaced the ability of scientists to characterize its fueling controversy and anxiety among parents, educators, and clinicians,” the study said. “To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe structural neurobiological correlates of screen-based media use in preschool-aged children.”

The study said it found “an association between increased screen-based media use and lower microstructural integrity of brain white matter tracts supporting language and emergent literacy skills in prekindergarten children.” 

The study, approved by the institutional review board of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, was conducted from August 2017 to November 2018. 

The children completed cognitive testing, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and their parents completed a survey, the study said. 

The ScreenQ survey that the parents completed is a 15-item measure of screen-based media use, including access to screens, frequency of use, content viewed and coviewing. 

The DTI measures included fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD), which estimated microstructural organization and myelination of white matter tracts, the study said.

FA is most clearly associated with organization of white matter in parallel bundles, whereas RD is inversely associated with degree of myelination of such bundles, as well as other microstructural processes, according to the study. 

Higher ScreenQ scores were correlated with lower FA and higher RD in tracts involved with language, executive function, and emergent literacy abilities, the study found. 

The study also raises “questions as to whether at least some aspects of screen-based media use may provide suboptimal neurodevelopmental stimulation during early childhood.” 

“The findings suggest further study is needed, particularly during the rapid early stages of brain development,” the study said.

This story was reported from Los Angeles.